How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people believe that ADHD is only a condition of children, but it can affect adults as well. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can help improve the quality of life for a person.
An evaluation for ADHD might include interviewing the patient and their family members. The specialist may review old school records in order to determine if symptoms began as a child.
Symptoms
Everyone struggles with concentration and staying organized from time-to-time However, for those who suffers from ADHD this can cause problems with school, work and even home life. To be considered to have the disorder, one must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly hinder the daily functioning. The symptoms must also have been present for a minimum of six months.
A doctor will inquire of the patient about his or her symptoms, as well as regarding any medical issues or family history. They can also use rating scales to assess a child's or adult's symptoms. These questionnaires are based off of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They include questions about symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity and the tendency to be impulsive.
For adults, doctors might require a discussion with a significant other or people who are familiar with the patient. This isn't to question the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain more insight into the behavior of a person that cannot be gathered from an interview. They might inquire about childhood behaviors and use the old school records to determine if the symptoms started before the age of 12.
Before making a diagnosis, the doctor will perform an examination and tests in the lab to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid issues or head injuries that can cause similar symptoms. The provider will also review a person's medication list. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and medications prescribed for depression, high blood pressure, and other conditions. This is why it's essential for adults to consult their primary care physicians in the event that they suspect they have ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD symptoms must be present in two or more settings (like home, school and work) and have a significant impact on functioning. They must also have started before the age of 12, and the impairment must not be caused by a different disorder, such as anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional will use various tools to assess the patient, including ADHD symptoms lists, standardized behaviour rating scales as well as a thorough medical history. They might also talk to friends and family members to see how the person's symptoms have affected them. They may also inquire whether there are other physical or mental illnesses that display similar symptoms.
The evaluators will consider whether symptoms are mild or severe. They will also review the patient's medical and familial history in order to determine if there is any underlying causes for their issue, such as thyroid disorders or head injuries.
In some cases the evaluator may want to conduct cognitive testing or request the person undergo an imaging test to rule out other causes for their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People with these issues often appear differently than those without these problems. For instance, boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactivity symptoms, whereas girls show inattention symptoms.
Many people with ADHD would like to participate in a clinical study to test new treatments. While this is a fantastic method to aid in further research, it is important for participants to realize that the primary purpose of these studies is to increase scientific knowledge and do not necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. Visit the NIMH's Clinical Trials Fact Sheet for more information about clinical trials.
Treatment
If you suspect that you have ADHD seek out a specialist who is trained to recognize the disorder. Contact your health insurance provider to see if ADHD specialists are covered. You can also seek referrals from family doctors or other health care providers. Additionally, referrals from word-of-mouth are a good option.
A doctor will speak with the patient -or their parents, in children's cases -- about symptoms. She might use checklists with standardized criteria or ADHD symptoms, and ask other people in the patient's life for details like their spouses and their families. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
An expert will also want to look over any documents the person might have, especially old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually determined by the past of the individual. To be considered diagnosed the symptoms must be present since the time of childhood (technically prior to the age of 12).
Physical examinations are also carried out. It checks for other medical problems that could be causing symptoms, like seizure disorders or thyroid problems. A neurological examination is often conducted by the expert to assess motor control and coordination. Psychological tests, which are designed to test intelligence and ability, might be used as well. Additionally the person could be asked to perform simple computer tasks that test memory and attention. This could assist an expert determine if a person is hyperactive or inattentional. The specialist will determine the best treatment plan and then make a diagnosis. The treatment typically includes therapy and medication. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, can teach adults and children healthy coping techniques and change unhelpful thinking patterns. This therapy can be provided by a primary doctor or a mental healthcare professional who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD get better by taking medications, however it's not the only option to treat the condition. Adults, teenagers and children can also benefit from behavioral therapy, psychotherapy or the combination of both. These therapies aid them in coping and cope with their ADHD symptoms. Psychoeducation, or education about ADHD and ways to manage it, may be included. They could include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is crucial to find an expert in mental health or health care professional who is experienced in treating ADHD. You can ask for recommendations from people who have ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or conduct an online search. It is important to find a specialist familiar with your insurance.
The health professional will inquire with you or your child about the symptoms and problems caused by ADHD. They will conduct a physical examination and check for any other health conditions that may trigger similar symptoms. They will go over your or your child's medical and family history, school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) (DSM-V) which is designed to diagnose children, has a more difficult diagnosis of ADHD in adults. Your health care provider might interview you or your children about the symptoms and have other people who spend lots of time with them to fill out checklists and questionnaires. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. ADHD medications include stimulants such as methylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and atomox as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine as well as certain antidepressants. They work by increasing and balancing the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Counseling
Many people with ADHD also have comorbid disorders, such as anxiety or depression. Because of this, treatment should include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients can benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches skills like managing time and tasks and emotional self-regulation.
Additionally, therapists can assist patients in managing their symptoms through lifestyle modifications. For instance exercising regularly can reduce hyperactivity and increase concentration. A healthy diet is essential as well. People who suffer from ADHD tend to consume more fat and sugar and less fruit and vegetables. In addition making family and social relationships a priority can lower stress levels and allow people to feel more in control of their lives.
Another major benefit of having an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives children and adults a clearer understanding of their challenges. For instance, a child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to peers and teachers however, once a teacher is aware that it's not due to personal issues or to a lack of motivation, accommodations can be made.
A professional conducting an ADHD evaluation will ask questions geared toward the age of the person, talk to family members and teachers and review medical records and determine if there are any comorbid conditions. For adults, school records might be useful in determining whether the ADHD symptoms began before adulthood.
The specialist will also check for any vision or hearing problems with hearing or vision. I Am Psychiatry may also perform an examination of the blood to test for certain hormones, and other health issues that could cause ADHD-like signs and symptoms.